/*********************************************************************
 *
 *  Gmsh tutorial 10
 *
 *  General mesh size fields
 *
 *********************************************************************/

// In addition to specifying target mesh sizes at the points of the
// geometry (see t1) or using a background mesh (see t7), you can use
// general mesh size "Fields".

// Let's create a simple rectangular geometry
lc = .15;
Point(1) = {0.0,0.0,0,lc}; Point(2) = {1,0.0,0,lc};
Point(3) = {1,1,0,lc};     Point(4) = {0,1,0,lc};
Point(5) = {0.2,.5,0,lc};

Line(1) = {1,2}; Line(2) = {2,3}; Line(3) = {3,4}; Line(4) = {4,1};

Curve Loop(5) = {1,2,3,4}; Plane Surface(6) = {5};

// Say we would like to obtain mesh elements with size lc/30 near curve 2 and
// point 5, and size lc elsewhere. To achieve this, we can use two fields:
// "Distance", and "Threshold". We first define an Distance field (Field[1])
// on points 5 and on curve 2. This field returns the distance to point 5 and to
// (100 equidistant points on) curve 2.
Field[1] = Distance;
Field[1].NodesList = {5};
Field[1].NNodesByEdge = 100;
Field[1].EdgesList = {2};

// We then define a Threshold field, which uses the return value of the Distance
// Field[1] in order to define a simple change in element size depending on the
// computed distances
//
// LcMax -                         /------------------
//                               /
//                             /
//                           /
// LcMin -o----------------/
//        |                |       |
//    Attractor         DistMin DistMax
Field[2] = Threshold;
Field[2].IField = 1;
Field[2].LcMin = lc / 30;
Field[2].LcMax = lc;
Field[2].DistMin = 0.15;
Field[2].DistMax = 0.5;

// Say we want to modulate the mesh element sizes using a mathematical function
// of the spatial coordinates. We can do this with the MathEval field:
Field[3] = MathEval;
Field[3].F = "Cos(4*3.14*x) * Sin(4*3.14*y) / 10 + 0.101";

// We could also combine MathEval with values coming from other fields. For
// example, let's define an Attractor around point 1
Field[4] = Attractor;
Field[4].NodesList = {1};

// We can then create a MathEval field with a function that depends on the
// return value of the Attractr Field[4], i.e., depending on the distance to
// point 1 (here using a cubic law, with minumum element size = lc / 100)
Field[5] = MathEval;
Field[5].F = Sprintf("F4^3 + %g", lc / 100);

// We could also use a Box field to impose a step change in element sizes inside
// a box
Field[6] = Box;
Field[6].VIn = lc / 15;
Field[6].VOut = lc;
Field[6].XMin = 0.3;
Field[6].XMax = 0.6;
Field[6].YMin = 0.3;
Field[6].YMax = 0.6;

// Many other types of fields are available: see the reference manual for a
// complete list. You can also create fields directly in the graphical user
// interface by selecting Define->Fields in the Mesh module.

// Finally, let's use the minimum of all the fields as the background mesh field
Field[7] = Min;
Field[7].FieldsList = {2, 3, 5, 6};
Background Field = 7;

// To determine the size of mesh elements, Gmsh locally computes the minimum of
//
// 1) the size of the model bounding box;
// 2) if Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromPoints is set, the mesh size specified at
//    geometrical points;
// 3) if Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromCurvature is set, the mesh size based on
//    the curvature and Mesh.MinimumCirclePoints;
// 4) the background mesh field;
// 5) any per-entity mesh size constraint.
//
// This value is then constrained in the interval [Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMin,
// MeshCharacteristicLengthMax] and multiplied by Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor.
// In addition, boundary mesh sizes (on curves or surfaces) are interpolated
// inside the enclosed entity (surface or volume, respectively) if the option
// Mesh.CharacteristicLengthExtendFromBoundary is set (which is the case by
// default).
//
// When the element size is fully specified by a background mesh (as it is in
// this example), it is thus often desirable to set

Mesh.CharacteristicLengthExtendFromBoundary = 0;
Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromPoints = 0;
Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromCurvature = 0;

// This will prevent over-refinement due to small mesh sizes on the boundary.
